Dhulkii wuxuu u sawiray xariiq toosan.
Waayo, cirku qaanso baa ka korraysa;
Meel cad oo u dhaxaysa maalinta
oo ay ka buuxaan xiddigo habeenkii;
Dhanka bidix waa barta qorrax ka soo baxa,
dhanka midigna waa barta qorrax dhaca.
meesha ugu sareysa waa barta duhurnimo,
iyo sidoo kale roob iyo cimilo daruuro leh
Khadadka mawjadaha ah ee ka soo degaya iyada.
Laga soo bilaabo "Heesaha Hiawatha" Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Markii sahamiyayaashii reer Yurub ay yimaadeen Ameerika, dadka Maraykanka u dhashay kuma xidhiidhin luqad qoran sida aynu u naqaano. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay ka sheekeeyeen sheekooyin (sheeko afka ah) oo waxay abuureen sawirro iyo astaamo. Isgaadhsiinta noocan ahi maaha mid u gaar ah Maraykan u dhashay Tan iyo wakhti dheer kahor imaatinka qoraalka, dadka aduunka oo dhan waxay duubeen dhacdooyin, fikrado, qorshayaal, khariidado iyo dareen iyagoo sawiro iyo calaamado ku sawiraya dhagaxyada, maqaarka iyo meelaha kale.
Calaamadaha garaafyada taariikhiga ah ee kelmad ama odhaah ayaa la helay ka hor 3000 BC. Calaamadahaas, oo loo yaqaan pictograms, ayaa lagu sameeyay rinjiyeynta dusha dhagaxa leh midabyo dabiici ah. Midabkan dabiiciga ah waxaa ka mid ah oksaydhyada birta ee laga helo hematite ama limonite, dhoobo cad ama jaale ah, iyo sidoo kale dhagaxyada jilicsan, dhuxusha, iyo macdanta naxaasta. Midabkan dabiiciga ah ayaa la isku daray si ay u abuuraan palette jaale, caddaan, casaan, cagaar, madow iyo buluug. Sawir-gacmeedyo taariikhi ah ayaa inta badan laga helaa darafyo ilaalin hoostooda ama godad laga gabbaday canaasiirta.
Paviotso Payute waxa uu sameeyay petroglyphs uu qoray Edward S. Curtis, 1924.
Nooc kale oo isgaarsiineed oo la mid ah, oo loo yaqaan 'petroglyphs', ayaa la xardhay, la xardhay, ama lagu xidhay meelo dhagax ah. Duntani waxa laga yaabaa in ay ka samaysatay dalool muuqda oo dhagaxa ah, ama waxa laga yaabaa in ay si qoto dheer u jartay si ay u soo bandhigto wax aan la daboolin oo midab kale ah oo hoostiisa ah.
Astaamaha Ameerikaanka u dhashay waxay ahaayeen kuwo eray u eg oo badanaa waxay lahaayeen hal ama in ka badan qeexitaanno iyo/ama ka kooban yihiin macnayaal kala duwan. Kala duwanaanshaha qabiilka, waxaa mararka qaarkood adag in la fahmo macnahooda, halka calaamadaha kale ay aad u cad yihiin. Sababo la xiriira in hindiga qabiilo ku hadla luqado badan, calaamado ama "sawiro sawir" ayaa inta badan loo adeegsan jiray gudbinta erayada iyo fikradaha. Calaamadaha ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali jiray qurxinta guryaha, waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay haragga gisi waxaana la duubay dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah ee qabiilka.
Petroglyphs ee kaynta Petrified ee Arizona, oo ay abuurtay Adeegga Beerta Qaranka.
Sawirradani waa markhaati qiimo leh oo muujinta dhaqameed waxayna leeyihiin muhiimad ruuxiyeed qoto dheer oo ku aaddan dadka Maraykanka u dhashay ee casriga ah iyo farcankii degayaashii Isbaanishka ee ugu horreeyay.
Imaatinkii Isbaanishka ee koonfur-galbeed ee 1540 ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeeshay qaab nololeedka dadka Pueblo. Sannadkii 1680-kii, qabaa'ilka Pueblo ayaa ka fallaagoobay xukunkii Isbaanishka waxayna ka saareen degayaashii aagga dib ugu noqoshada El Paso. Texas ... 1692 kii Isbaanishka waxay u guureen aagga Albuquerque , gobolka new mexico ... Soo laabashadooda awgeed, waxaa dib u soo cusboonaatay saamaynta diinta Katooliga, taas oo niyad jabisay ka qaybgalka Puebloans in badan oo ka mid ah xafladaha dhaqanka. Natiijo ahaan, qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhaqamadan ayaa galay dhulka hoostiisa oo in badan oo ka mid ah sawirka Puebloan ayaa hoos u dhacay.
Waxaa jiray sababo badan oo abuuraya petroglyphs, kuwaas oo intooda badan aan si buuxda u caddayn bulshada casriga ah. Petroglyphs waa wax ka badan "farshaxanka dhagaxa", sawirida sawirada ama ku dayashada adduunka dabiiciga ah. Waa in aan lagu khaldin hieroglyphs, kuwaas oo ah calaamado loo isticmaalo in lagu matalo erayada, waana in aan loo malayn in ay yihiin qoraallo Hindi ah oo hore. Petroglyphs waa calaamado dhaqameed oo awood leh oo ka tarjumaya bulshooyinka iyo diimaha adag ee qabiilooyinka ku xeeran.
Astaamaha Dhaladka Maraykanka, Totemyada iyo Macnahooda - Si Dijital ah u soo dejiso
Macnaha guud ee sawir kasta aad buu muhiim u yahay waana qayb ka mid ah macnihiisa. Dadka asaliga ah ee maanta waxay sheegaan in meelaynta sawir kasta oo petroglyph ah aysan ahayn go'aan aan toos ahayn ama shil ah. Qaar ka mid ah petroglyphs waxay leeyihiin macnayaal loo yaqaan oo keliya kuwa abuuray. Kuwo kale waxay matalaan calaamadaha qabiilka, qabiilka, kiwa, ama bulshada. Qaar ka mid ah waa ururo diimeed, halka qaar kalena ay muujinayaan cidda timid deegaanka iyo halka ay aadeen. Petroglyphs weli waxay leeyihiin macnaha casriga ah, halka macnaha kuwa kale aan hadda la garanayn, laakiin waxaa lagu ixtiraamaa inay ka tirsan yihiin "kuwa hore u ahaan jiray."
Waxa jira kumanaan sawir-gacmeedyo iyo petroglyphs gudaha Maraykanka oo dhan, oo inta ugu badan ay ku sugan tahay Koonfur-galbeed ee Maraykanka. Wax kasta oo ka badan waa Petroglyph National Monument ee New Mexico. Cilmi-baarayaasha qadiimiga ah waxay ku qiyaaseen in goobta laga yaabo in ay lahaato in ka badan 25000 petroglyphs oo ku yaal dhererka 17-mayl. Boqolkiiba yar oo petroglyphs ah ayaa laga helay taariikhda beerta laga soo bilaabo xilligii Puebloan, laga yaabee horaantii 2000 BC. Sawirro kale ayaa laga soo bilaabo waqtiyo taariikhi ah oo bilaabmay 1700-meeyadii, oo leh petroglyphs ay xardhay dadkii hore ee Isbaanishka. Waxa lagu qiyaasaa in 90% taallo petroglyphs ay sameeyeen awoowayaashii maanta Pueblo. Puebloans-ku waxay ku noolaayeen dooxada Rio Grande xittaa ka hor AD 500, laakiin kobaca dadka ee ku dhawaad AD 1300 ayaa horseeday degsiimo badan oo cusub.
Arrow | | ilaalinta |
Arrow | | Feejignaan |
Ka dib bajaajta | | Summer |
Haa | | Xoog |
Gacmaha dhabarka | | Nasiib wacan |
Buur weyn | | Barwaaqo weyn |
Bird | | Daryeel la'aan, daryeel la'aan |
Falaadh jaban | | Adduunka |
Goobo iskutallaabta oo jaban | | Afar xilli oo wareegta |
Walaalayaal | | Midnimo, sinnaan, daacadnimo |
Roga Buivola | | Guul |
Saqafka waa gisi | | Muqadas, ixtiraamka nolosha |
Kalluunka | | Nolosha aan dhimanayn |
Cactus | | calaamad saxaraha |
Raad-raacyo koyote ah | | Khayaano |
Fallaaro isdhaafsan | | Saaxiibtinimada |
Maalmo-Habeeno | | Waqtigu wuu dhaafayaa |
Deerada ka dib | | Ciyaar badan |
Qaanso iyo qaanso la sawiray | | Ugaadhsiga |
Qalajiyaha | | Hilib badan |
Eagle | | Xorriyadda |
Baal Eagle | | Ugu weyn |
Lifaaqa | | Cayaaraha xafladaha |
Dhamaadka jidka | | Nabad, dagaalku dhamaado |
Isha xun | | Calaamadani waxay ka ilaalinaysaa inkaarta isha sharka leh. |
Waji fallaadhaha | | Milicsiga jinniyada sharka leh |
Afar jir | | Dhallaanka, Dhallinyarada, Dhexe, Da'da |
Gecko | | calaamad saxaraha |
Bahal sunta ilkaha | | Waqti lagu riyoodo |
Ruuxa Weyn | | Ruuxa Wayn waa fikradda quwadda ruuxiga ah ee caalamiga ah ama ugu sarreeya ee ka dhex jira inta badan qabiilooyinka Asaliga ah ee Maraykanka. |
Dharka madaxa | | Xaflad |
Hogan | | Guri joogto ah |
Horse | | safar |
Kokopelli | | Flutist, Bacrin |
nalal | | Awood, Xawaaraha |
Bolt of hillaac | | Degdega |
lab ah | | Nolosha |
Isha dhaqtarka | | Xigmad |
Xiddigaha subaxdii | | Maareynta |
Heerka buuraha | | Meesha loo socdo |
Lasoco | | Ka gudubtay |
Dhuumaha nabadda | | Xaflad, muqadas |
Roob | | Goosasho wanaagsan |
Daruuraha roobka | | Aragti wanaagsan |
Daamanka masaska | | Xoog |
Bacda kooraha | | safar |
skyband | | U horseedaya farxad |
Snake | | Caasinimo |
Ubax bocorka | | Dhalmo |
солнце | | Farxad |
Ubax qorrax leh | | Dhalmo |
Qorraxda ilaah maaskaro | | Ilaaha qorraxdu waa ruux awood badan oo ka dhex jira qabiilo badan oo Hindi ah. |
Fallaadhaha qorraxda | | Joogto ah |
Swastika | | Afarta gees ee aduunka, barwaaqada |
Noocyada | | Guri ku meel gaar ah |
Thunderbird | | Farxad aan xadidnayn, roob-yaqaan |
Thunderbird track | | Jidka dhalaalaya |
Biyaha ayaa shaqeeya | | Nolosha joogtada ah |
Wolf ee cawska | | Xoriyad, guul |
Zuni Bear | | Caafimaad wanaagsan |